TREATY OF WAITANGI AND SUSTAINABILITY
The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6th February 1840 by the representatives of the British Crown and various Maori chiefs from the North island of New Zealand.The treaty established a British Governor of New Zealand,recognised Maori ownership of their lands and other properties,and gave the Maori the rights or British points of view,the treaty gave British sovereignty over New Zealand,and gave the Governor the right to govern the country.Maori believed they ceded to the Crown a right of governance in return for protection,without giving up their authority to manage their own affairs.After the initial signing at Waitangi,copies of the treaty were taken around New Zealand and over the following months many other chiefs signed.In total there are nine copies of the Treaty of Waitangi,including the original signed on February 6 1840.Around 500 chiefs,including at least 13 females signed the Treaty of Waitangi.
Until the 1970's,the Treaty was generally ignored by both the courts and the parliament,although it was usually depicted in New Zealand history as a generous act on the part of the Crown.From at least the 1960's,Maori have looked to the Treaty for rights and remdies for land and loss and unequal treatment by the state,with little success.From the late 1960's,Maori began drawing attention to the breaches of the Treaty,and subsequent histories have emphasised problems with it's translation.
In 1975,the Waitangi Tribunal was established as a permanent commission of inquiry tasked with researching breaches of the Treaty by the Crown or it's agents,and suggesting means of redress.
Today it is generally considered the founding document of New Zealand as a nation.Despite this,the treaty is often the subject of heated debate.Many Maori feel that the Crown did not fulfil it's obligations under the Treaty,and have presented evidence of this before sittings of the Tribunal.
Non Maori New Zealanders have suggested that Maori may be abusing the Treaty in order to claim the"special privileges".The Crown,in most cases,is not obliged to act on the re commendations of the tribunal but nonetheless in many instances has accepted that it breached the Treaty and it's principles.Settlements to date have consisted hundreds of millions of dollars in cash and assets,as well as apologies.
The date of the signing has been celebrated as a national holiday,now called Waitangi Day,since 1974.
Reference:Information from Wikipedia
1.What part of the treaty relates to pollution and sustainability?Write the phrase that relates here:
Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates,Forest Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess as long as it their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat them in that behalf.
(answer highlighted in blue)
2.What are the ways that modern civilisation could pollute the land,the sea,or the air?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability,disorder,harm or discomfort to the ecosystem,ie,physical systems or living organisms.Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy,such as noise,heat or light.Pollutants,the elements of pollution,can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.Pollution is often classed as point,or non point source pollution.
A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air,water,soil.
Three factors determine the severity of the pollutant;it's chemical nature,the concentration and the persistence.
Forms of Pollution
Reference:Information from Wikipedia
3.What New Zealand legislation directs what should happen about pollution?
The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on 6th February 1840 by the representatives of the British Crown and various Maori chiefs from the North island of New Zealand.The treaty established a British Governor of New Zealand,recognised Maori ownership of their lands and other properties,and gave the Maori the rights or British points of view,the treaty gave British sovereignty over New Zealand,and gave the Governor the right to govern the country.Maori believed they ceded to the Crown a right of governance in return for protection,without giving up their authority to manage their own affairs.After the initial signing at Waitangi,copies of the treaty were taken around New Zealand and over the following months many other chiefs signed.In total there are nine copies of the Treaty of Waitangi,including the original signed on February 6 1840.Around 500 chiefs,including at least 13 females signed the Treaty of Waitangi.
Until the 1970's,the Treaty was generally ignored by both the courts and the parliament,although it was usually depicted in New Zealand history as a generous act on the part of the Crown.From at least the 1960's,Maori have looked to the Treaty for rights and remdies for land and loss and unequal treatment by the state,with little success.From the late 1960's,Maori began drawing attention to the breaches of the Treaty,and subsequent histories have emphasised problems with it's translation.
In 1975,the Waitangi Tribunal was established as a permanent commission of inquiry tasked with researching breaches of the Treaty by the Crown or it's agents,and suggesting means of redress.
Today it is generally considered the founding document of New Zealand as a nation.Despite this,the treaty is often the subject of heated debate.Many Maori feel that the Crown did not fulfil it's obligations under the Treaty,and have presented evidence of this before sittings of the Tribunal.
Non Maori New Zealanders have suggested that Maori may be abusing the Treaty in order to claim the"special privileges".The Crown,in most cases,is not obliged to act on the re commendations of the tribunal but nonetheless in many instances has accepted that it breached the Treaty and it's principles.Settlements to date have consisted hundreds of millions of dollars in cash and assets,as well as apologies.
The date of the signing has been celebrated as a national holiday,now called Waitangi Day,since 1974.
Reference:Information from Wikipedia
1.What part of the treaty relates to pollution and sustainability?Write the phrase that relates here:
Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates,Forest Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess as long as it their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat them in that behalf.
(answer highlighted in blue)
2.What are the ways that modern civilisation could pollute the land,the sea,or the air?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability,disorder,harm or discomfort to the ecosystem,ie,physical systems or living organisms.Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy,such as noise,heat or light.Pollutants,the elements of pollution,can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.Pollution is often classed as point,or non point source pollution.
A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air,water,soil.
Three factors determine the severity of the pollutant;it's chemical nature,the concentration and the persistence.
Forms of Pollution
- Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particles into the atmosphere.Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide,sulphur dioxide,chloro fluorocarbons (CFC's) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles.Photo chemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.Particulate matter,or fine dust is characterised by their micrometre PM10 or PM 25.
- Light pollution includes light trespass,over-illumination and astronomical interference.
- Littering is the throwing of inappropriate man-made objects,unremoved onto public and private properties.
- Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released intentionally,by spill or underground leakage.Among the most significant soil contamination are hydrocarbons,heavy metals,MTBE,herbicides,pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons
- Radioactive contamination,resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics,such as nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research,manufacture and deployment.
- Thermal pollution is a temperature change in natural water bodies,caused by human influence,such as use of water as a coolant in a power plant.
- Visual pollution is,which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines,motorway billboards,scarred landforms (as from strip mining),open storage of trash or municipal solid wastes.
- Water pollution,by the discharge of waste water from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally) or through spills) into surface waters,discharges of untreated domestic sewage,and chemical contaminants,such as chlorine,from treated sewage,release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters (including urban runoff and agricultural runoff,which may contain chemical fertilisers and pesticides),waste disposal and leaching into groundwater,eutrophication and littering.
Reference:Information from Wikipedia
3.What New Zealand legislation directs what should happen about pollution?
- Clean Air Act 1972
- Resource Management Act 1991
- Litter Act 1979
- Smoke free Legislation 1997
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